Picture gallery — 1655 to the present

The only copperplate in the volume, laid in sideways. Fig. 1 a magazine hive of five small boxes with a straw cap as its roof, standing on a small skep with an alighting board; Fig. 2 a single box from behind with its grid, the six clasps a.a.a. and the little shutter b in front of the pane of glass; Fig. 3 the square casing of the wax press with its screw; Fig. 4 a pressing board; Fig. 5 a curved bee knife. Bottom left „Chriſt. del.“, bottom right „Zöll. ſc.“. No scale bar on the sheet. Along the lower edge the burnt-in footer of the digitised copy: „Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt“, „urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:1-672701-p0018-9“ and the DFG logo.

PDF page 18 of the digitised copy; unpaginated plate leaf in the front part, verso (PDF page 19) blank. The accompanying „Erklärung der Kupfertafel“ [explanation of the copperplate] stands on PDF page 16. · Photograph: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt (Halle); auf dem Titelblatt der Stempel „Bibliothek des landw

Released by the operator. The rights status of the digitised image itself has not been looked up at the source.

Tab. I of the plate volume, hand-coloured: Fig. 1 the honeybee on a flower umbel; Fig. 2 a piece of comb from above, hexagonal cells with the eggs in them; Fig. 3 the antenna; Fig. 4 a pair of mandibles; Fig. 5 the head with its mouthparts and proboscis, greatly enlarged. Bottom right „Müller. delin. & sculps.“ Below it an engraved scale bar with the label „Pariser Zoll“, divided into two inches of twelve lines each; its evenness has not been checked.

Tab. XX, hand-coloured: a hornets' nest (Fig. 2) hanging from a branch a in its smooth paper envelope, beside it (Fig. 3) the nest cut open, with the comb storeys lying horizontally one above another and the hexagonal cells opening downwards; Fig. 1 the insect. No scale bar.

The coloured title engraving of the plate volume, landscape: a wreath of blossoms, leaves and insects around the inscription „HYMENOPTERA / Linn.

First copperplate: a covered apiary for thirty-six magazine hives, two storeys of two rows each.

Second copperplate: the single magazine box from above with its grid of six sticks (Fig.

Third copperplate: the assembled magazine hive of six supers under a protective roof, beside it the bellows with the smoke capsule and the curved bee knife.

Fourth copperplate: the glass observation house, one foot seven inches high and one foot one and a half inches square, holding eighteen Maß.

Fifth copperplate: the wax press with its hanging bag, beside it the feeding box with the pane of glass in its lid and the little feeding trough.

Plate I of the fifth edition: covered apiary for 36 magazine hives, in longitudinal section with its storeys, magazine hives on stands and roof structure.

Plate III: assembled magazine hive of six supers with a roof of its own for the free-standing apiary, drawn in section, with the alighting board beneath it; above, Lit.

Plate IV: the simple observation bee house, whose four sides consist of large panes of glass set in narrow frames, with gable roof, knob and vane, standing on a post sunk into the ground.

The fourth plate present in the volume, photographed folded; here it is the left-hand strip that lies open, and the plate number at the top right stays in the fold.

The frontispiece: the **ruche pyramidale** of three straw baskets one above another, with straw cap (chapiteau) and alighting board.

The „Explication de la gravure" — not a picture but the page that explains the frontispiece: ruche simple, ruche écossaise, ruche pyramidale, the box, the floor hole of 15 to 18 lines.

The only copperplate in the volume, two plates on one sheet: above, the Jægerspriis bee house in elevation and ground plan; below left the comb and brood figures; below right the hives — Fig.

The copperplate of the volume: Gedde's octagonal box and the build-up of the Colony from three boxes one above another.

PLANCHE P.re — the *surtout*, the casing around the boxes.

PLANCHE II — the **box** (hausse) itself, with entrance and cross bar, and the lid.

PLANCHE III — boxes joined together, iron hook, tongs, stand and small boards: the equipment for setting boxes underneath and taking them off.

PLANCHE IV — catching the swarm with the see-saw (bascule), together with queen, drone and worker bee, and the casing.

PLANCHE V — the cadran, the boxes, the entrance and the smoking roll (cinse).

The engraved title: a wooden hive on feet in a garden, with the motto CROCEIS HALANTES FLORIBUS INVITENT HORTI and the reference „Georg.

A narrow strip of a copperplate that was never unfolded: sectional views of hives with the letters D, A, C, s, V, R, P, N, G, B, t and the figure designations „F.“ and „F.

Palteau's hive and its equipment, not Schirach's and not Vicat's.

Vicat's hive, not Palteau's and not Schirach's own.

Schirach's own equipment, neither Palteau's magazine hive nor Vicat's chamber hive.

PLANCHE I of Vicat's hive, „PLANCHE I." legible at the top right, inscribed at the bottom left „I.

PLANCHE II, „PLANCHE II." legible at the top right, inscribed at the bottom centre „I.

„COUSSIN": the quilt as a shallow box in oblique view, with the cloth A, the dimensions 0.335 · 0.335 · 0.10 and the caption „A.

„GABARIT pour amorcer les porte-rayons": four stages side by side, A the jig, B the top bar, C jig and bar together with a hand holding them, D the finished bar with its wax starter melted on.

A box in oblique view, with the top bars lying in a notched jig; below it the dimensioned section of the jig with 24 m/m, 12 m/m and 300 m/m, and the caption „GABARIT pour mettre les porte-rayons en place et les y maintenir pendant le clouage."

A single box (hausse) of the Ruche Populaire in oblique view, with the eight top bars laid on it (porte-rayons), the cloths turned back and the letters H, H', J, I, G, K; at the right-hand edge the figures 24 and 12 (millimetres: top bar width 24 mm, gap 12 mm).

The floor (plateau) of the Ruche Populaire in oblique view, with the projecting alighting board, the battens A and A', the points B and B' and the dimensions 0.34 · 0.34 as well as the centimetre figures 11, 5, 12, 11, 7 at the entrance.

Two top bars on their own, side by side in oblique view, with their two different lower edges.

The vertical section through the whole Ruche Populaire, the most dimensionally exact sheet in the volume: three boxes one above another (D, D, C), top bars F, F and E with the starter strips melted on, quilt H, roof G, floor A–B.

„COUPE DU TOIT-CHALET": the dimensioned section through the chalet roof, with the hand-set dimensions 6 cm, 21 cm, 21 cm, 35 cm 5, 16 cm, 12 cm.

The „Toit-chalet" of the Ruche Populaire in section and in oblique view, with quilt, insulating material and air space; the numbers 1 to 5 refer to the legend set beside it.

The „Toit économique" drawn in two pieces one above the other: above B with the battens F, F, below A with D, E, C, C'; dimensions 0.465 (several times), 0.345, 0.365.

The woodcut of the finished Ruche Populaire: three identical boxes on the floor with its projecting alighting board, above them the gable roof, letters A on the roof and on the gable end.

A swarm hanging in a lilac bush: a cluster of many thousand bees hooked into one another on a branch, with single bees walking over the outside or flying in.

Three framed hives of present-day construction, each of several boxes of equal size stacked one above another, with a flat metal cover and an entrance slot running across the full width of every box.

A hand holds a wooden frame drawn from an opened hive.

The entrance of a wild colony of bees in a tree, seen close up: an opening in the bark, the wood around it dark and worn smooth, thickly covered with bees, single ones in the air in front of it.

A peasant apiary: on the right, under a protective roof, the straw baskets in two rows on boards, and in front of them people with veils and gloves.

Kronberg from the south-west: on the left the castle on its rock with the tall keep, below it the walled town with close-set gabled roofs and a church tower, in front of it fruit trees and slopes, in the background the range of the Taunus.

An empty horizontal top-bar hive of roughly sawn wood, seen at an angle from above.

An upright log hive made from a hollowed-out trunk, in a museum on a white plinth.

A Warré hive in the grass under trees: three pale wooden boxes one above another on a narrow stand, with a shallow gable roof projecting at the edge.

A gloved hand holds a built-out comb up by its top bar; on the right the beekeeper's veil.

A view from above into an opened Warré box: eight thickly covered natural combs run parallel from wall to wall, the spaces between them full of bees.

A close view of the top bars of an opened Warré box: pale wooden bars side by side, the narrow lanes between them, and bees walking over both.

The Protestant church at Harreshausen, seen obliquely from the street corner: a rendered hall building with red sandstone at the corners, window surrounds and portal, above it an octagonal tower entirely slated, with two clock faces and a curved cap.

Christ in bust, turned half to the right, in a wig with side rolls, a dark coat and the white bands of a preacher.

The tower of the town church of St. Johann at Kronberg seen from the cobbled square, from the south: a tall rubble-stone tower with a crenellated parapet and weathercock, a gothic traceried window in it, below that the gilded clock, a sundial, and over the portal a relief of the entombment. To the left the lower nave adjoins under its slate roof. Portrait format, 3000 × 4800 pixels.

The title page of the tract of 1783, Fraktur in eight sizes.

An exploded Christ hive: roof, cover board, three shallow boxes with square footprints, and a floorboard. The open boxes reveal fixed bars, crossed supports and rear glass panes; entrance slides are fitted to the front.

Tall wooden hive with six shallow sections, an overhanging roof and a floorboard. Metal slides close the upper entrances; bees use the lowest entrance.

Rear of a wooden hive with six sections. Four wooden shutters are closed and two open to the side. The glass panes remain in place, with combs and bees visible behind them.

Empty shallow wooden box seen from above and behind. Six fixed strips span the open interior; the glass remains in place behind the shutter, which opens to one side.

Shallow wooden box on a floorboard. Two fixed strips are recessed into the upper rim, with two crossed round sticks below. The raised outer metal slide reveals the perforated inner slide.

Shallow wooden feeding box with an open underside, a glass cover and an open filling hole with its plug set beside it. The partly withdrawn trough contains feed and thin floating pieces of wood.

Glass observation hive on a wooden post, with open shutters and a broad roof. Long natural combs extend through the single chamber past three levels of fixed cross-sticks.

Three positions of the same fitting: both slides raised; the front slide lowered with only its small notch open; the perforated rear slide covering the entrance while the front slide is raised.

Two cutaway Christ boxes with rear windows. On the left, comb hangs from six strips fixed at both ends; on the right, two fixed strips and two thin round crossed sticks are visible within the partly cutaway comb.

Two cutaway views of an upper Christ hive box with six fixed strips and an inverted glass over a circular opening in the cover. The glass is empty on the left; pale comb extends into it from below on the right, with the cardboard cover beside it.

Two upper Christ boxes, each with six fixed bars. Above the left box is a framed glass lid with small droplets. Above the right are a thin bound straw mat and a separate wooden board. Both rear walls contain glass panes.

Four views of Christ’s hive through the year. An additional lower box enlarges the hive; later, a harvested honey box stands beside it. Before winter, an empty lower box is removed and a straw covering is placed beneath the roof.

Four stages of adding space below: an empty box stands beside the hive; two people lift the three occupied boxes onto it. The old floorboard then rests separately on a shelf. Finally, only the new lowest entrance remains open.

On the left, two men catch a swarm from a tree using separate long poles: one hooks the branch, while the other holds an upward-facing sack in a fork beneath it. On the right, bees cluster in an oval woven basket hanging from a nail on a pole. An enlarged detail shows a smoking cloth roll with dark hair.

On the left, a colony occupies four boxes, with a dividing line halfway up. Ochre and blue arrows follow the two halves into separate stacks, each with two occupied boxes and an empty one below. A stone and returning bees identify the original site.

Two donor colonies, each in four occupied boxes, appear above. Arrows lead their lowest brood boxes to a new colony below, in the centre: two brood boxes above an empty lower box. Each donor keeps three occupied boxes and receives an empty replacement below.

Three views show the taut transverse wire with two wooden grips, the horizontal joint between two boxes, and the upper honey box lifted off. Arrows mark movement towards the rear along the combs, followed by lifting.

Three stages: a straw skep stands above a largely empty wooden box on a board with a circular opening. Three built boxes are then shown below it. Finally, the skep and adapter are lifted away; the three boxes remain beneath a wooden cover.

Two equally sized cutaway hives, each with four boxes. On the left, both golden honey areas are together at the top; on the right, a box of pale comb without honey separates the stores. All pale boxes also contain comb.

Macro illustration of a free queen against the comb and an adult queen positioned head downward inside a queen cell shown in side cutaway. The lower cell cap is closed.

Simplified cutaway of an observation hive, with a wax-surrounded thermometer at the inner wall marked 1 and brood cells farther inside marked 2.

Two botanical close-ups: on the left, a honeybee drinks at the base of a flower. On the right, small aphids sit above a leaf from which a bee collects droplets of excreted honeydew.

Three macro views: a worker carries a pollen load on a hind leg; a nurse eats from a pollen cell; another bends over a small C-shaped larva with pale brood food in an open worker cell.

Two separate routes of transmission: A shows groups of bees from two schematic hive boxes with converging dotted arrows leading to a combined colony. B links a bowl containing honeycomb to another colony via a honey drop and a dotted arrow. Small clusters of dots symbolise spores.

Two dorsal macro illustrations: a segmented bee louse with six legs on the left and a broad, flattened Varroa mite with eight legs on the right. A small worker bee and both organisms below provide an approximate size comparison.

Section through a hive with three stacked boxes and naturally built combs on top bars. A shallow quilt box containing loose insulation on a cloth base sits between the uppermost box and the pitched roof.

Two beekeepers lift three occupied boxes and the quilt box together. An empty box stands beneath them on the floorboard. An arrow shows the lifting direction; the occupied and empty boxes are labelled.

Wooden hive lift with a crank, rope tackle and guided forks. Two occupied Warré boxes and their quilt box are raised above an empty box; a cutaway reveals the combs.

An upright log hive in section: broad cut surfaces show the thick wooden wall around the cavity and its naturally built, vertically hanging combs.

Cylinder formed from a tied sheet of bark, suspended in two rope slings. A cutaway shows the thin bark wall and hanging natural combs; an entrance hole opens through the woven end closure.

Clay tube resting horizontally on two stones. A side cutaway shows combs hanging transversely inside the tube. The front closure has an entrance hole; the rear cap has been removed and stands beside it.

A long top-bar hive on four legs, shown in section. Naturally built combs hang from individual wooden bars into the trough. One comb has been lifted with its top bar.

Section through four hive sections joined side by side on a table. External tension rods hold the sections together; naturally built combs hang inside a continuous cavity.

Cutaway of a ring skep with three stacked straw rings and fixed comb.

Bienenkiste raised for inspection with its floor removed, bees on the fixed combs and an empty rear honey area.

Domed skep made of stitched straw coils. The cutaway shows long natural combs supported by fixed cross-sticks and a small entrance at the side.

Stainless-steel press on a stand. A screw drives the plate onto crushed honeycombs in a straining bag; honey passes through the basket into the collecting vessel and drains into a bucket.

Long hooked knife with a wooden handle and a blade set at right angles to the shaft, with an enlarged detail of the tip. Below it lies a thin separating wire with two wooden handles.

Two vertical oak pressing boards with an open hemp sack between them hang in a wooden frame on four legs. A horizontal wooden screw projects from the side, and a tub of water stands below the sack.

Cutaway of a modern hive with three boxes. Each comb sits in a complete wooden frame; one frame is raised parallel to the others. The inner and outer covers stand beside the hive.